MCC Tucson Lectures
Muslim Community Center of Tucson
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August 24, 2026·Rabiʻ I 11, 1448 AH·5:28 AM·12m·Monday-Fajr

When You Don't Know, Ask Allah

Knowledge, Ignorance, and the Limits of Understanding: Lessons from a Hadith on Purification

knowledgeignorancepurificationtayammumscholarly expertisejanabaIslamic jurisprudencehadith
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Summary

Sh. Ali Mashhour discusses a hadith narration about a man injured in the head who fell into a state of ritual impurity (janaba) and sought advice from his traveling companions about whether he could perform tayammum (dry ablution) instead of full bathing due to his injury. Sh. Ali Mashhour uses this incident to teach an important lesson about the nature of knowledge: true knowledge encompasses not only facts and evidence, but also understanding one's own limitations. He explains that the companions who advised the injured man to bathe despite his condition were not among the scholars and lacked the specialized knowledge needed to address unique circumstances that deviate from normal rulings. Sh. Ali Mashhour emphasizes that when one doesn't have knowledge of an answer, the proper response is to ask someone with expertise rather than provide guidance based on incomplete understanding.

Transcript

Note: This transcript was generated using YouTube's automatic captioning, with AI-assisted cleanup for readability. It may contain inaccuracies due to background noise, audio quality, or limitations of the transcription software — particularly during Arabic recitation. Listener discretion is advised; please refer to the original video for precise wording.

If I need something, I'll let you know.

[Silence]

Alhamdulillah.

[Silence]

So yesterday we discussed the narration. I'd to review it for the sake of reflection, for the sake of perfection. so that we can try to examine some of the lessons that are in this narration. This is the narration of Jabb Abdah and this is u regarding and the author is listing instances and occasions in which or circumstances that warrant making that make it permissible for a person to use a as opposed to purification with water. It's the narration of He said, "We went out on a journey and a man, one of us, a man amongst us was hit with a rock in the head and it opened up his head." means that he got an injury to his head that you know split his scalp open. This could have been in the battle that they went to. This could have been in thewa that they went to. Most likely this was just them passing through a valley in in you know between mountains and rocks rolled down from above. for whatever reason. The point is is that he got hit in the head with a rock and he got very seriously injured and in a few we will see just how seriously he was injured. So he fell asleep and he had a wet dream. So now he wakes up and he's in a state of janaba. And so knowing that he had this injury and knowing that he is unable to wash his head, wash his hair, etc. the things that go into bathing. He asked his close companions, his traveling companions. He asked them, "Do you think that I would have an excuse to make rather than bathing because of my injury? Do you think that I have an allowance to make a tu?" Now, the point I want to make here, what is knowledge? Knowledge is knowing the truth, knowing reality, knowing the truth, knowing something with its evidence. You have evidence for it. This is knowledge. These companions that were with him are companions of the prophet sallall.aii wasallam. But not all companions are the same. Some of them are part of his inner circle. Some of them are part of his outer circle. Some of them have only seen him in passing. Some of them are companions. They're counted as companions in the legislative sense, but maybe they haven't even had a conversation with him. Right? Not all the companions are all scholars, and even those that are close to him aren't necessarily scholars. This is a very particular type of person. And so these companions are companions of the prophet sallall.aii wasallam but they're not the scholars amongst them. Do they have knowledge? Yes. Because they know about and they know the evidence from the Quran. They know about bathing and woo and purification for salah. They have evidence for this. They know the verses that are in the Quran regarding this. However, the knowledge that they have is under normal circumstances. That's the general shared knowledge amongst regular people. Regular people know that if I'm in a state of janaba, I have to bathe. This is the general knowledge. If a person has circumstances that are not matching with exactly what is mentioned in the verses or the narrations, they have a set of circumstances that are unique. This takes extra knowledge. Now you have to know the parameters of bathing. You have to know the allowances of and this is something that they did not have. They did not have this Islam that these companions whilst they were companions and they have limited general knowledge. However, the prophet sallallah.aii alaihi wasallam was angry with them and made dua against them for what they will later say because they were not of the people authorized to make it. They are not authorized to make it. Right? So they said he said, "Do you think that I could have a an allowance to make tow of an allowance for you in this circumstance being that you have access to water, being that you have access the water. So this is the limit of their knowledge. What should they have said? Allah. What is knowledge really? It's two parts. It's questions and their answers. That's what knowledge is. Any piece of knowledge is the question and its answer. Its correct answer. Right? This is really what knowledge is. And so if a person does not have the answer to his question, he reverts back to the certain knowledge and that is Allah. And if a person does not learn this lesson, they are a person of ignorance. Even if they have facts and knowledge and so forth, but they don't know their own limitations. What is the hallmark of a strong mind? An intelligent person. Intelligence is a person being aware of his own self and his own limitations. The disbelievers, they rejected the Quran. Correct? Why did they reject it? because it raised questions and they didn't have the answers to it. Some of them Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala says they disbelieved in the truth because they did not reach the they they did not reach any kind of depth of knowledge about it. They just reject it based on the assumption that it doesn't make sense to them. Therefore, it can't make sense. It's not true. If you don't understand it, someone else will understand it. If you don't have the answer, someone else may have the answer. Rejecting something something simply because you do not know it or understand it. This is a hallmark of ignorance. And so, this is what they told him. and says, "So the man then went to bathe on their advice and he died. He died of this." So when they returned back to the to Medina to the prophet Sam, they killed him. May Allah kill them. And this statement, may Allah kill them, is a figure of speech, right? Why didn't they ask if they didn't know? For indeed, the remedy to ignorance is question, is a sound question. The remedy to ignorance is asking. He says it was sufficient. It was enough for him to just make. So he was right. Even though he was the minority, correct? He was one and he in his best judgment his mind went to the majority around him said no you need to bathe. Who was right and who was wrong? He was right and he was the minority. Is it possible for the minority to be correct in spite of the majority's disagreement? Absolutely. Yeah. Because true things do not become more true the more people that believe them or acknowledge them. And wrong things do not become more wrong because more people deem them as such. Truth and and and falsehood, right and wrong, these are transcending transcendent things. They don't need people to believe in them for them to be right, for them to be wrong. And this is why Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala he tells us He says to the prophet Sam, "If you were to follow the majority of the people on the earth, the majority, they will misguide you and mislead you off of the path of Allah." Subhan Allah. Foreign.