What Makes Ablution Valid and Complete?

Smella rahmanir rahim and hamdulillahi rabbil aalameen what salat wa salam o allah rasool e kareem ala l he was happy he ajma'in.

[Arabic recitation]

Allah who ate away la sala hain ashhadu anna muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluh allah.

[Arabic recitation]

Ajma'in and madad welcome to our fourth installment in our reading of zed almighty had a high of a bet thank you for joining us this evening shallow - ila we will continue our journey through this wonderful illustrious book of Abdullah him one of his finest works and actually one of the most important references in all of the Islamic library with regards to the sudden traditions and ways in and biography of the Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wasallam so last session we were discussing the rule of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa send him we were discussing how he used to perform his ablution his wooh boo in order to prepare himself for prayer now there are a few things that we are going to touch on that even opium doesn't and there are other things that even opium touches on that we are not going to and that is because of the nature of the book again the the book itself is not written as a book of filk as a book of jurisprudence rather this book has been written regarding the way that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam did things or said things or perform things this is what the subject of the book is when we discuss categorization for example in jurisprudence we discuss the difference between conditions and pillars and obligations and Sunan etc these things are not found in this book really not in that way they are not categorized in that way and so we are going to touch on some of those issues meaning the difference between something that is a pillar something that is condition something that is an obligation of a prayer not everything that the prophet sallallaahu alayhi wa salem did and will do is an obligation likewise not everything that he did in prayer is an obligation and what we mean by obligation is that if a person forgets it or if a person doesn't do it their prayer is still valid and this is where we have kind of an intersection between the Sunnah of the Prophet sallallahu wasallam and this type of book and the books of jurisprudence which make that make that categorization there's also other things that have no claim touches on because obviously the source of this material for igneel claim is going to be the books of hadith and the books of hadith are filled with chains of narration and chains of narration consists of men and women that transmit this narration and so in that if no km discusses the authenticity of certain narrations as opposed to others and that is something that we are not going to touch upon because that is not something which is really appropriate to be discussed outside of the circles of the scholars and students of hadith we stopped last session and we are going to pick up today tonight and show law at the statement of ignore p.m. Rahim aha la vaca thali canoodle more Otterbein Mata well so even opium rahim allah he discussed and spoke about how the prophet sala no idea salem would make will boo we discussed this we discussed the description of his woudl now we're going to discuss other things that are picked up by looking at all of the narrations together collectively and so the scholars of islam have mentioned and in the correct opinion that the pillars of we'll do are 6 meaning that in order for you to have made a valid will do that will be appropriate for you to then make salah and any other thing that demands will do such as the laughs or handling the most - an individual must perform the bare minimum of these six pillars of wooble the first four are the actual things that we wash or wipe over during mobile and that is the first pillar is washing the face part of that is the nose and the mouth the second pillar of will do is washing the hands and arms including the elbows so when allah subhanahu wa tada says i ll Marivic what's meant by Illawarra filt is malmourral what is meant when allah says and wash your hands to the elbows what is meant by to the elbows meaning including the elbows as if given Cathy avahi Mahalo mentions in his deficit of surah al-maida the third pillar is that a person wipe his head or her head and the ears are part of the head as we've established the final pillar of these four is that a person wash his feet or her feet completely including the ankles now even Acharya Mahima hula he says waka thali callable those are four pillars he says likewise the prophet muhammad sallallahu alayhi wasallam zwibble was always more a Devin boutot alien it was always in that order so the order of performing will do is a pillar of the order of performing mobile is a pillar of will do what order we are speaking about the order that is in the sixth verse of the fifth chapter of the Quran surah al-maida Allah Subhanahu WA Ta'ala says in this verse which we've mentioned previously ya yo holla Dena Amman either come to me Allah Salih fell salut - well idea come in America when Suba Russia come well Roger alaikum ll cabin he says that which translates to o you who have believed if you wish to stand for prayer then wash your faces wash your arms including the elbows meaning your hands all the way up to your arms including the elbows why wipe over your heads and wash your feet including the ankles these four are in this order and when we look at all the narrations of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam when we look at all of them and we look at all of the descriptions of all the his companions his righteous predecessors his disciples his students likewise when we look at all of the nur of these companions that narrated the description of his will boo we see that no time authentically was he ever reported to have made will boo in any other order meaning starting with his feet and then going to the face and then going the arms or something this this never happened anytime he would make will duel consistently any narration we find of him making mobile or his companions or them describing his will duel we see that it is always in this order this is what if Nilayam rahim allah says and this is the correct.

[Arabic recitation]

One narration in Sun and a bead a wood and we discussed this in a previous lecture that the prophet sallallaahu alayhi wa salem made will do he started with washing his face and then his arms and then he wiped over his head and that he did his mouth and nose and then wiped it over his head yet this narration is not an authentic narration in the correct opinion of the scholars of hadith so when we look at the verse in the Quran there is a principle that we're going to follow and that is usually it is not always but usually when a loss of Hanna what Silas starts with something in the Quran and when he is mentioning for example certain things and he mentions them in a particular order that order is to be retained and observed if it is an issue of worship so inside Muslim the Prophet sallallahu aleyhi wa salem was making hajj in jab.

[Arabic recitation]

Prophets all alone on the asylum was making hedge and before his hedge he was making Alaura he stood on the mountain of a sufferer because we're supposed to do a say between Asafa Wilmore WA and so he stood on that mountain to begin his say and he said to those around him if.

[Arabic recitation]

Said to the companions around begin with what Allah began with meaning in the Quran and he is referring to the statement of Allah and Surat al-baqarah in NASA farewell Marwat m in sha allah so allah mentions that indeed a sufferer the mountain of a sufferer and the mountain of al-marwah they are of the of the Shire of Allah of the holy sites of Allah and so the Prophet sallallahu wasallam started his say and a suffer just like Allah started by mentioning a sufferer so whenever we find something in a particular order in the Quran usually unless there is an exception we are going to maintain that order likewise we can carry this principle over to the verse of will do which is the sixth verse of surah al-maida allah subhanho wa taala dimensions will do in a particular order unless we have some other piece of evidence that would articulate that this order is not intentional that this order is not something that we need to observe then we go back to the general statement of the prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam.

[Arabic recitation]

He start with what allah started with so in observing that principle we see that a love begins with the face then the arms then wiping over the head and then the feet that is the order he mentioned and we have nothing to indicate that this order is something which is not to be observed so we begin with what allah began with and so we observe will do in that order likewise when it comes to the sunnah of the prophet sallallaahu either you will send them we look at the very vast body of the sunnah and we see a pattern and that pattern articulates with regards to Lulu that the Prophet.

[Arabic recitation]

Whenever he would make wudu he would always make will do in that order it would always be in that order right and so we take from this that it is an obligation it is a pillar why because had it not been an obligation had it not been a pillar at least once he would have made will blue in some other way some other fashion at least once even if only out of forgetfulness or to articulate that this is something that is not obligatory or binding or for example one of his companions would have made will do out of order but this is not something that occurred so we understand from this that constant tradition without any change to that consistency articulates obligation in the correct opinion right so for example in salat alfu salat envelop and salat elisha the dawn prayer the sunset prayer and the night time prayer in these three prayers in the first two raka the imam will recite surat al fatiha aloud and he will recite some other part of the Quran aloud audibly so that those who are praying with him can hear him now why is it that we do this well when we look at the Sunnah of the Prophet SAW alone you asylum we see that under at no time did he ever pray fudge Allah or melody Boresha and in these first two that cannot recite aloud he always recited aloud so we take from this that the fact that he consistently does this all the time every single time we take from this that this is the way that it is supposed to be done right he says as well that the sixth pillar we're saying the sixth pillar he mentions them but he doesn't allude to them directly the sixth pillar of Lulu is at-tuwani at-tuwani is quick succession and we mentioned this last week that when I go to make boo-boo I have to make that will boo as a unit altogether in order for it to be considered valid this is something that a lot of people misunderstand there are certain warships that only come in a in a in a bundle or together right so for example I just as I cannot take one prayer and separate it right so I say well I don't really have a lot of time now I'm gonna pray one that guy and then I'm gonna leave the other Veck high for later so I'm gonna pray one here and then one there and then one a half hour later and after all I'll have four of that guys it can't be separated that way it has to be all at once as a unit together likewise is the left circum circum circle ambulating the kaaba right making the laughs around the Kaaba which goes counterclockwise in units of seven right sometimes people when they go to Hajj they go to Omaha they make you know one or two laps and that's it that cannot be valid in that way bo f is slow death and the fact that the least of prayer is to deca right so in order for the first so that got to be valid the second Oh Micah has to be performed in quick succession together right likewise is the left in order for those laps in circumambulating the kaabah they have to be together in units of seven it's not been narrated that the prophet sallallahu aleyhi wa salem would circumambulate the Kaaba in any less than seven times at once so that's a unit right likewise as a say going between a Safa and Marwah that's a unit and so so on we say about will do it is a unit you can't make some of it and then leave off some for later so let's say a person says well you know I don't lifting my feet up into the sink at home so what I'm going to do is I'm going to make will do go through all of these steps of will do and leave my feet for last when I get to the Masjid they have better facilities I'll sit down and make will go there I'll finish up with my feet alone this cannot be valid because succession meaning that will be performed as a unit this is one of the pillars of and the evidence for this is a narration on the authority of Khalid.

[Arabic recitation]

Narration has been collected by an imam abu dawood assiduous tani in which the prophet sallallahu alayhi wa salem saw a man who had a portion on his foot where the water of lulu had not gotten to it so imagine you're walking around in the imagine for example a car that is very dusty and I pour water all over it you can see which part even after it dries which part was washed and which part has not been washed by the water because the part that is not been washed by the water is going to have still that that sand or that dust on it likewise these guys are walking around in the desert and there travelin or whatever they're doing it's a dusty environment so when a person goes to wash his hands or wash his feet wherever the water has gone on his limb on his foot you can clearly discern that this portion of this portion of the foot has been washed and yet there are other portions which have not so this man the profits all alone on you asylum observed that he had a part of his foot that was not yet washed the narrator Khalid ib'n Madden says puddled Elohim which is the size of a silver coin that he had failed to wash or that he had missed and his prayer in his will do and so the prophets all alone you seldom saw this man praying and so he commanded him to go and redo his rule and redo his prayer right so his will do is not considered valid now where's the evidence here that booboo has to be done as a unit and it's time may expire if it's done if the if the different parts of the body are not washed in quick succession it has to be done as a unit the evidence is that this man had clearly made will do on every portion of his body except this one place the prophet sallallahu alayhi wa seldom did not say go wash that in one place no because he had made will do too long for that the time has expired and so he commanded him to completely redo will do from the beginning right so the scholars of Islam have taken from this that succession in will ooh is something which is obligatory it is a pillar of a boom if no claim on him a whole lot continues and said well mu he'll be he Martin Waheeda never has it been authentically narrated that the prophet sallallaahu alayhi wa salem failed to make will do in order or fail to make will do in quick succession right and we discussed this in detail last last lecture he says well can I ever see Laura's Lahey either Lamia cooing I fear Hosseini well a Joel obey me William Sehun a him I see here or here a while here or whom away belt in a human he says and the prophet sallallaahu alayhi wasalam would wash his feet if he did not have any Footwear on and he specifically mentions with regards to Footwear here he mentions two type of footwear and that is allah fame which is a leather sock and a yellow bein which is the cotton socks this is what a jolt of is a hoof is a leather sock a gel rub is a cotton sock if no km we understand from his words here that if a person has will do and puts on leather socks or puts on cotton socks or puts on any Footwear really that when a person makes will do they would merely wipe over these this Footwear and many scholars of Islam have mentioned that it is only valid on the hoof only the leather sock and it is not valid on cotton socks and many people as well have adopted this but this is the the correct opinion is that wiping over the footwear because their Allah is the same what does that mean well why is it that a person if he is wearing something on his feet leather socks that he would wipe over these leather socks why why has this been allowed in Islamic law in Islamic jurisprudence is it because the person is wearing leather sock specifically or is it because it is a bit of a discomfort and a serious inconvenience to completely strip the foot and wash the foot the answer is a second it's it's a it's it's a pretty big inconvenience especially if a person is traveling if they're in a public place or if they're in a place where there is not a lot of water or something of that sort where it's very cold outside right and so the issue is not because they are wearing leather it is not the material of the footwear that matters rather it is the reason why a person doesn't have to remove his Footwear in the first place and so the material doesn't really matter if it's made of rubber if it's made of leather if it's made of it doesn't matter and we see that some people they even go out of their way to actively search to find leather socks specifically so that they can wear these leather socks and wipe over them because they feel some kind of way about wiping over cotton socks and this is unnecessary if we look at the type of leather socks that people use these leather socks are not what the scholars of jurisprudence of ancient were even speaking about so the leather socks that we buy today you can get them on Islamic websites or in certain countries they are very soft lambskin and this is not what the scholars of Islam we're speaking about this is not really considered a hoof anyways a hoof in the Arabic language is made out of hide and it is a tough hard leather Anam a machete describes the type of hoof that they used to have it is a hoof that when you set it up it stands on its own right it's not soft it's a hard leather the scholars mentioned that this type of hoof that was worn in the time of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa seldom you have to be able to walk in it for miles without it falling apart or having a hole these leather socks that we have today these very soft you know they say that they're made out of lambskin very possibly synthetic leather what we call pleather right plastic leather very these things cannot hold up to walking on them without any issue this is not what they're designed for they're just socks they're fancy socks right the scholars of Islam when they speak about hole fame they're speaking about a leather sock that is hard and it used to take the place of a shoe a person would either wear a shoe or they would wear a hoof and leather sock they would not wear both because the leather sock is a type of shoe at that time it's very hard leather if you stand it up it will stand on its own and maintain its shape without the foot being in it and these don't you know to my knowledge unless in very remote places don't exist anymore and so it's important that when we read that we understand that we're speaking about things that occurred 1,000 almost 500 years ago that's a long time and a lot of things have changed since then right so we have to make sure that we define things as defined by the scholars of Islam of that time either way wiping over your Footwear whether it be socks shoes whatever it is leather polyester thin thick all of that in the correct opinion does not matter it's all permissible right let's say a person is wearing a sock that is very Sheen you can see through it very very very very thin material a person does not have to wash his foot the fact that you can see the skin is not something that necessitates full will do why because there it is the same the reason why we wipe over the sock is the same and that is the inconvenience of loss upon Owatonna described this religion and said well majolica Medina Maharaj he has not made any burden or hardship upon you in the religion so the reason that at the time of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa salem he and his companions would wipe over these leather socks if you will those socks is kind of a kind of a bad translation for a hoof because of the reasons that we mentioned is not because they are made out of leather the material here is immaterial right the material here is not the point the point of the ruling is the inconvenience that this entails if that is the case then whether the cop the socks be machine see-through thick thin whatever the material is as long as they are socks they cover the majority of the foot then a person can wipe over them and they take the same ruling this is the opinion that if no claim on him Allah was known for and adopted and also his ship before him it would say me or him a whole lot and many others of the scholars of Islam of ancient and of contemporary times the point though is that the prophet sallallaahu alayhi wa salem would make rule based on the state that he was in so he would not put Footwear on to wipe over them nor would he take Footwear off to wash his feet if his feet upon making mobile if he had something on he'd wipe over them if he didn't he would just wash his feet he says William Sehun a he Mara see he and he would wipe over his ears at the same point or at the same juncture that he would wipe over his head waha bakumaru about Lena Huma inside and out which means the front and the backs of the ears he says Wakulla hadith in faith Carroll will bow and Lotito caruana he faked a demon ohio tes mia via well ehi Mahal.

[Arabic recitation]

Abduhu wa rasuluh la imagen amenity will be no Charlie Meynell Matata hidden fearfully he he says now with regards to the earth God of all the earth caravel now before we get into that we mentioned the pillars of will do right these are things that if no claim didn't touch on in that sense we will the pillars of will do are 6 if you want to know if your will do is valid you make sure that all of these six pillars are present washing the face entirely including the nose and mouth washing the arms including the elbows wiping over the head including the ears front and back washing the feet including the ankles that this be done in quick succession together as a unit and that this all be done in this order these are the six pillars now what about the sunan of abu those additional things which a person can do that the prophets will alone on a human send them did well there are a lot of things one of them is washing your hands three times at the beginning before you start with washing your face another is that a person use se wek si wack meaning that a person brush his teeth SC wack at the time of the profits all along line a he was send them is actually a root of a tree and that is the tree of an Iraq and it's it's got some properties to it that helps you maintain good healthy teeth likewise when you buy it off the end it becomes a brush it has almost bristles on the end this is what the profits all alone why they he was said I'm used at his time however a conventional toothbrush is fine as well that and the correct opinion does give a person the reward of brushing his teeth just as he did in the time as a person using the si wek right what about a person's finger well this is an issue that the scholars of Islam have discussed that we see some people when they make will do when they get to the mouth they will put their finger in the mouth and they will kind of scrub their teeth and this is permissible is it the sunnah of the prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam that is an issue that has been debated amongst the scholars of hadith to my knowledge the narrations regarding him himself the prophet muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam himself putting his finger in will do using the finger in place of the SI wek to scrub his teeth whether that be him doing it or him telling others or encouraging that that be done they are all weak narrations some companions were narrated to have done so some companions were narrated to have encouraged and so it is acceptable inshallah another thing that is part of the Sinan of Lulu that is encouraged when a person make will do is that a person say at the beginning of his or her will do bismillah some scholars have mentioned that saying bismillah at the beginning is actually an obligation however in the correct opinion it doesn't reach to that level the reason being that the very well-known narration now we'll do a liminal M youth chorus mala he fee oh I lay there is no rule for the one who does not mention the name of Allah upon commencing it is a week narration however there is a narration in soon and ethnicity on the authority of NSF and Matic in which the companions did not have any water to make Lulu and they were on a journey this narration was in Bukhari I'm listening but this particular part this statement is in Sunna Nana say that there was no water and so the prophet sallallaahu alayhi wa seldom asked who has any amount of water and so he was brought a small container that had some water in it and the prophet sallallahu alayhi wa seldom as anis narrates then put his hand into the water this and Anna said I witnessed the water gushing out from between his fingers until it began to overflow and all of his companions that were with him upon that journey made will do and when that happened this is obviously a miracle of the prophets all along while he was settling when this happened he said to his companions to whoa-oh bismillah he said make will do in the name of Allah so some of the scholars of Islam like whose aim and others they said this is an encouragement that anytime you go to make will blue you say bismillah right and that is correct and it is better for a person to say it because some scholars have mentioned that it is an obligation and it is kind of a lengthy debate that we don't want to get sidetracked with likewise another Sunnah of will do is that a person start with the right side right to wash the right arm before the left the white right foot before the left this is not an obligation if a person did it the opposite it would be valid but it would not be the best thing the best thing is the right first and then the left another thing which is something that is encouraged in will do is washing each limb the mouth nose the face the everything except for wiping over the head to do that three times each and also two times each but the bare minimum is one time each so there are a number of things which are preferred but the things that dictate a correct will rule and will do that is valid they have to have these six pillars there are a number of conditions as well for Lulu the most important of which is intention that a person has to have intention of making mobile well how can a person make will do without intention that's the question I mean is it possible for a human being to do anything consciously make the choice to do something without intending to do it the answer is this is impossible right however a person could make will do hypothetically speaking without the intention of wooble point in case let's say a person is new to Islam and I say well come on I'm going to show you how to make wool so we go to the place where we make wool and we sit down together and I demonstrate for him how to make will do but I didn't have the intention of making will do my intention was merely demonstration yes this is a very rare case in which a person's will do would not be valid if they did not have the intention of making little right he then goes on to mentioning what a person says before and after wobble he says every single narration now this is coming from Abdul kayum even if no claim rahim allah is one of the most brightest most well-informed minds of in the history of islam with regards to the narrations of the prophet muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa send them he says every narration regarding any kind of remembrance to be said before or after will do is a fabrication except for three one at the beginning of will and two at the end everything else is not authentic right so there are some you'll find in some books and some demonstrations of a little even online you might find it that when a person goes to make will rule when they wash their face they say you know something oh allah make my face white on the day of resurrection when they wash their right arm oh allah give me my book on my right hand when they wash the left arm oh allah do not give me my book of deeds in my left hand and so on and so forth when they get to the feet or allah keep my foot firm upon the set off on the right way and all of this all of these narrations are inauthentic they are not just inauthentic they are fabrications right the only authentic narrations with regards to something the prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam would say before or after we do our three number one bismillah at the beginning and we just we mentioned that while ago number two is that a person.

[Arabic recitation]

Abduhu wa rasuluh elohim agile in a minute aware being Rajani mineral mutasa here in i testify that none is rightfully worshipped but allah alone and no partners does he have and I further testified that Muhammad is His servant and messenger our law make me of those who are in constant repentance and make me of those who seek purification this narration is in sahih al-bukhari and sahih muslim also it is found in a sunnah sunnah natira media Raheem Ajala another narration which is.

[Arabic recitation]

Establish arakawa atubu alayka that a person after saying the previous he says glory be to you our law free from any imperfection are you and to you belongs all praise and all that is good I testify that none is rightfully worship but you I seek your forgiveness and I hereby repent to you this is in Sinan and that's soon and Nessa it's also in mustard what I can hack him and it is an authentic narration the Prophet sallallahu aleyhi wa salem would say these three things nothing else so at the beginning of abou bismillah person concludes with all chadway la la la la.

[Arabic recitation]

Of IBN majah liminal Matata here in subhanak Elohim of Abraham Ditka la.

[Arabic recitation]

A lake that's it this is the only thing that has been authentically collected with regards to what the Prophet sallallahu aleyhi wa salem would say before or upon concluding will do he says well let me a Yahoo lufia well hehe in a way too well Adam min a Sahaba Alberta well let me attach I was a Fed laughs but he says and furthermore the prophet sallallahu aleyhi wa salem would never at the beginning of wu proclaim or verbalize his intention he would not say i hereby intend to make Wu never did this happen there's no narrations of him doing this nor are there any narrations of his companions doing this ever he says nor has it ever been narrated authentically that he made will do and washed any particular limb more than three times so the maximum is three the minimum is one never did he make more than three right he says likewise it has not been authenticated collected it has not been authentically collected that the Prophet sallallahu aleyhi wa salem would wash beyond in making mobile the inclusivity of the elbows the inclusion of the elbows and the ankles never did he go past that so he didn't go all the way up here right just to include above the elbows to include the elbows to include the ankles that's it no further up the leg no further up the arm Carlo LM EF Cunha Todd Newton Chifa Allah he and he was not somebody who would consistently dry his hands and face off after making wool duel and of course that is that is subjective if you're in the summer heat and you make will do no problem you'll dry very quickly however if it's bitterly cold you may want to use a towel but the prophet sallallahu alayhi wa said them was only narrated to have dried off or shaking the water will do off maybe once or twice maybe and those narrations as well have been debated with regards to their authenticity amongst the scholars of hadith we will continue inshallah next week we thank you all for joining us we ask allah subhanahu wa ta'ala that he teach us of his book and of the sunnah of the prophet sallallahu alayhi wa seldom what we are ignorant of that he remind us of his book and the sunnah of his messenger what we have been made to forget and that he benefit us and teach us the wisdom to be derived from those two sources subhana Coloma be hamdulillah and estefy Iruka what to Bullock.