MCC Tucson Lectures
Muslim Community Center of Tucson
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May 27, 2024·Dhuʻl-Qiʻdah 19, 1445 AH·7:15 PM·45m·Monday-Isha

Why did the Prophet fight? Understanding Islam's stages of legislation

The Stages of Islamic Legislation: From Peaceful Preaching to Jihad and the Status of Non-Muslims in the Islamic State

islamic legislationstages of da'wahjihadjizya taxnon-muslims in islamprophet muhammadzadul-maadislamic state
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Summary

In this lecture from Zadul-Ma'ad (Provisions for the Hereafter), Sheikh Ali Mashhour discusses the stages through which Islamic legislation developed, particularly regarding opposition to the Prophet Muhammad and Islam. The lecture covers the evolution from peaceful da'wah in Mecca to the later permission to fight, and explains the Islamic framework for dealing with three categories of people: those with treaties, rebellious tribes, and non-Muslims living under Muslim rule who pay the jizya tax. The Sheikh emphasizes that Islamic law and its prohibitions (such as alcohol) exist for societal wellbeing, not arbitrary control, and addresses common misconceptions about Islamic governance by providing historical and logical context.

Transcript

Note: This transcript was generated using YouTube's automatic captioning, with AI-assisted cleanup for readability. It may contain inaccuracies due to background noise, audio quality, or limitations of the transcription software — particularly during Arabic recitation. Listener discretion is advised; please refer to the original video for precise wording.

E.

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Alhamdulillah m.

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Feab Islam.

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S.

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For for.

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Continuing in the chapter of authored by the chapter regarding the stages that the legislation of Islam took the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam and the companions through with regards to opposition those who opposed the prophet sallallah alai wasallam those who opposed the companions those who opposed Islam they were of two main types there were those who opposed and were antagonists of Islam and the Muslims outwardly from outside and then there were those who opposed Islam from the inside a kind of fifth column if you will these were the Hypocrites these are referred to as Hypocrites in the Quran Allah subhanahu wa taala first commanded the prophet s. wasam to recite he was not commanded at that point to invite anyone to Islam though he did informed khad he did inform he informed those who were close to him and his confidants Allah subhanahu waala then sent to him commanding him in to stand and Warn and so he did so and this was in stages the first stage was that he warned outwardly those who were closest to him of his tribesmen and then the next stage the following stage was that he called all of the people of quray to Islam another stage was that he called all of the people of Mecca and those who were on the outskirts of Mecca and the neighboring Villages and cities then he was commanded to Warn and call and invite to Islam and spread Islam to everyone the Arab peninsula after which he was commanded to invite all to Islam anywhere his Messengers could reach he spent 13 years in Mecca without any without any violence being used without any physical defense he was not permitted to he and the companions were not permitted to fight even in defense of their own selves as official Jihad nothing that is beyond the scope of beyond the scope of self-defense on an individual level he was commanded to be patient with his opposition his antagonist then he was permitted to make hij after which he was permitted to fight then he was commanded to fight those who fought against him then he was commanded to fight until the affair was to the discretion and to the law of Allah subhanahu wa taala meaning that anywhere the Muslim State the Muslim empire could reach the law of Allah was implemented doesn't mean people were forced to become Muslim but it does mean that the laws of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala were then regulated throughout the the land those who wish to remain and retain their respective religions then they have the permission to do so they have the permission to do so and they pay a tax and those who are Muslim they don't pay this tax because they pay zaka and so those who pay this tax this gizia they receive protection they receive citizenship essentially and they receive a lot of the services that are a Ed to the rest of the population so it's not just a mere tax however there has to be a level of adherence to the law and within that law they are permitted to practice their religion and they're permitted to retain their religion a person may say well is it permissible for them to make alcohol alcohol is prohibited in Islam is it permissible for them the Muslim state to produce or import alcohol we say no this is an illegal substance in the time of the Prophet sallallahu alaih wasallam after its prohibition this is not part of practicing a religion there is no religion that is a a u that is a recognized religion that commands anyone to drink alcohol this is something that is prohibited for the betterment of the society this is there is a difference between being allowed to do what you want and practicing your religion practicing your religion means that they are permitted to retain their faith their beliefs their Services whatever it is in their respective communities but it doesn't mean that for a Muslim you have laws and for a non-muslim you have a separate set of laws regarding or pertaining to them that's not how that works so when alcohol was prohibited the Muslims were the first to stop the production the importation exportation of alcohol Etc just any illegal substance in any major country which concerns itself with the well-being of its citizens now if we look at countries such as America there was Prohibition prohibition error in the 20s this happened why did this happen why did this why did it come to pass that the American government and the majority of its citizens or a majority of its citizens decided that alcohol was to be prohibited the answer is because it was an objective decision it absolutely destroys any society that it becomes a part of it destroys it we may look around us and think well you know I don't see it being so bad it looks regulated it's not millions of people are killed from drunk driving millions of people are raped every year or hundreds of thousands there are some estimates place it at about 35 to 40% of all people incarcerated in America it has something to do with alcohol either they were drunk or the victim was drunk more than 30% of all violent crimes are propelled alcohol was involved along with other things like alcohol poisoning liver failure all of these things that become a huge burden upon the society so someone can enjoy himself how many ille illegitimate babies how many how many times are people unfaithful to their spouses how many times the people kill themselves by accident because they're drunk how much money is wasted and we're speaking now about criminal law what about civil law how much property is dis damaged and destroyed because of alcohol how many accidents how much of the wildlife or the city or the infrastructure is damaged because of alcohol etc etc we could go on all day the fact of the matter is is that trying to defend something the consumption of alcohol as a law and protect it it's an unwinable argument objectively right the laws of Islam they are not just Helter Skelter arbitrary laws in order to control the population these are not the this is not the mission of Islamic law so yes non-muslims lived they were allowed to retain their faith in the Muslim State they pay a tax just any other major state that has any kind of social U responsibilities to its citizenry and the prohibitions of Islam become the prohibitions of those who live in the Muslim in the Muslim state in the Muslim region and these prohibitions which are general prohibitions which are prohibitions which are enforcable right these prohibitions are only for the betterment of the society either for the general well-being or for individual well-being as well so alcohol was never a part of anyone's religion we need to drink alcohol in order for this in order for us to Worship in our religion right right or many other things that are prohibited and the yard stick is not well as long as you're not hurting anybody it's okay this is a silly way of of rationalizing things that are lawful and things that are unlawful and it's a it's a very it's a very hypocritical way of speaking as well what how do we gauge hurting what is hurting is hurting just shedding someone's blood what about when you you know what about when you cheat on your spouse adultery does that hurt anybody it doesn't physically kill people I mean in many cases it may lead to that does it hurt anyone so this gauge of as long as it doesn't hurt anyone is kind of a cheap cop and it cheapens the conversation it cheapens the discussion he tells us that after the permissibility of using arms taking up arms in defense of General well-being of the state and in order to further its interests those who who refrained from entering into Islam were of three types the first was those who had a treaty the second was those who refus to have a treaty with the Muslim with the Muslims and refuse to become a part of the state so they were kind of Rebel tribes a third was those who remained upon their respective Faith but they became a part of the Muslim State a larger Muslim State and so the pro the prophet sallallah alai wasam was commanded by Allah to uphold the treaties all treaties that were arrived at and agreed upon as long as those treaties were upheld by the other end by the other party by the other tribe by the other side and the prophet sallai was was commanded that if he feared that they were going to prove treacherous with their treaty that he is to Proclaim to them and send notice to them that their treaty is no longer binding and Allah subhanahu waala commanded the prophet s. wasam to fight those who to respond with fighting against those who did not fulfill and honor their treaty and Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala sent down the chapter Surah which was revealed around the 9th year after hij this was in the very late stages of the Muslim State we see that Allah subhanahu wa taala placed a lot of these laws and regulations inah speaks about battle it speaks about fighting it speaks about the types of Believers the types of disbelievers and primarily focuses on the various antagonists of Islam those who are outwardly antagonistic and those who are antagonizing Islam from the from the inside so there there are those who are overtly aggressive and then there are those who are passively aggressive passively aggressive this is hypocrisy this is exactly what hypocrisy is and this is how it's defined in our modern culture passive aggressiveness and passive aggression is the methodology of the Hypocrites technically they were not aggressive technically they didn't show any aggression right so technically they didn't do anything but everyone the game here clearly sees what is happening this is the methodology of Hypocrites who do not to face their enemies outward and are more prone to lie and wait and are more prone to treachery Allah subhanahu waa.

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Subh and.

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Subhah.

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ISL.

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Subh.

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Subhah.

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For.

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Islam for.

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Subhah.

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For for.

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You say.

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For for.

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F.

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Fe.

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And so when we look at this statement here of we're spending a lot of time on this because honestly a lot of these things are taken out of context all of the time they're taken out of context purposly by a lot of people who are antagonists of Islam who wish to articulate some kind of vulgar imagery about Islam that Islam and especially the Islam of the time of the Prophet sallallah alai wasam the Muslims didn't get better with time the further they got away from the sunah of the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam that early most pure generation the more we lost our position the more vulgar Our Lives became speaking about especially the first generation which is what this book's subject is topic of this book is the messenger of Allah Muhammad s andah people cherry-pick verses from the Quran they cherry-pick narrations from the Sun of the Prophet sallallah alai wasam from books of Hadith and they cherick these things and they put them all together and they try to articulate in the mind of a listener very vulgar bloodthirsty imagery of the Prophet s. wasam and his companions to the point that many Muslims feel shy to even discuss about this they feel you know don't push too far because you know we'll run out of arguments there is absolutely nothing to be ashamed of about Islam the world has never before nor will ever after see the kind of justice and light and guidance and so we see that the prophet Sall as tells us he was commanded to fight against the people of the book until they hand over or they give over the gizia what is alizia is tax upon those who wish to retain their faith their respective faiths they do not enter into Islam they wish to accept their keep their respective faiths but they wish to remain a part of the Muslim State the Muslim whole there's a lot of things to benefit from that if Muslim rule was so terrible it would not have lasted 1,400 years if it was so terrible especially to many of the people of the book the Jews Christians and non-muslims in general as long as they are not aggressive combatants overly overtly aggressive or violent they will live a respectable life amongst the Muslims but we have to remember the context when we look at the verse for instance in Surah which commands Al look at this verse we see the wording is a little bit harsh it could come off harsh and taken at face value it seems to be overtly oppressive however when we understand its context there's nothing oppressive about it first of all we have to understand as Muslims that the Message of Islam the pure Message of Islam not any Distortion that was added on by human beings but the Islam that the prophet sallallah alai wasallam came with he himself the Quran and Islam these are things which are irrefutable irrefutable the arguments of Islam whether it be logical natural deductive inductive they are irrefutable arguments irrefutable arguments those who decided to reject the prophet alam's message and they Reed the message as it was and most of them received or saw or interacted with the prophet Muhammad Sall alaih wasallam himself none of them disbelieved because they were not convinced there's no way that you're going to meet a messenger of Allah or be familiar with the book book of Allah the Divine words of Allah in its proper context properly in the way that it was presented and not be convinced this is just not it it doesn't exist people don't admit this obviously because nobody is going to say I refuse this because I'm too arrogant to follow it or I'm too coward to follow it or I'm to people don't say that obviously they say all kinds of things just was told to prostrate to Adam right simple enough who told him Allah where in Paradise amongst the Angels right he did not he refused to do it why did he refuse he refused out of arrogance he refused out of arrogance however when Allah asked him and he is all knowing subh why did you refuse he didn't say because I'm too arrogant even in dealing with Allah who there's it's chewing water there's no point in lying at this point because that which is hidden and that which is exposed are equally known to Allah subhanahu waala yet what was his response well I'm better than him I was created from fire and he was created from dirt so you know I don't see the logic in prostrating to him flimsy argument didn't convince a single soul not even himself no one was convinced by this obviously everyone has an excuse for not doing the right thing merely having an excuse is not good enough and so this is something that we have to understand there is no one who met the prophet Muhammad s. wasam heard his message and understood it and genuinely understood it and rejected it because they were genuinely confused this person doesn't exist in history the argument that Allah is the creator the sustainer the one who gives the one who takes the the the originator the one who answers the calls of those who call upon him the one who has decreed and knows that which is in front and behind his creation and that Allah subhanahu waala alone without any Partners is the only one worthy of worship none other is worthy of of worship in any fashion in any color or form or shape but Allah subhanahu waala these are arguments that are irrefutable the Quran is the words of Allah from Allah subhanahu wa taala not the words of any human being or any group of human beings or any group of creatures these are arguments which can be made they can be claimed but they hold no weight it's we say a a how of cards if you will and so those who have met the prophet Muhammad s. wasam and rejected Islam they rejected it out of arrogance this arrogance or weakness you know we look at Abu J Abu J rejected it out of arrogance we looked at Abdullah Sal the head of thef in Medina he rejected it out of jealousy we look at one of the one of the governors of the Roman Empire he rejected it why out of fear of losing his kingship and many scholars mention that he initially did become Muslim but then when he gathered with his Senate and he gathered with with his advisers and you know propositioned them brought up the idea of accepting Islam when he received the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam letter and he knew all the signs he asked them they became very angry they tried to leave he had locked the door so that they couldn't get away and he said I was just testing you it was just a test I want to make sure that you guys are not going to give in strong faith and he died upon that we have no recorded person who is genuinely confused a genuinely confused person is not eligible for punishment by Allah subhanahu wa taala this is why Allah subhanahu wa taala describes himself and he says we would never punish anyone until we send a messenger to them and he says subhanahu waala all of these Messengers we have sent them as bearers of glad tidings and Warners so that no one would have have an excuse in front of Allah so there's no one who genuinely misunderstood The Message of Islam a person who genuinely misunderstands this person hasn't has not seen Islam correctly and so when we are dealing with this kind of situation there are people who wish to reject the duties of Islam but they want to accept the fruits of Islam this is not going to be allowed it's if I'm living here in America and I say no I want tax returns but I don't want to pay taxes I want the services all the services that are allotted to to everyone but I refuse to pay a single dime in taxes it's the same kind of attitude this would not be tolerated anywhere obviously not individually and not in groups of people and certainly not from a government standpoint because if you allow this kind of thing to Fester will turn into Rebellion that is inevitable history has clearly shown us that and so there are those who refuse to enter into Islam but they want they didn't want the responsibility of Islam but they wanted to keep their life how it was but they wanted to partake in the Bounty of Islam and its establishment and this is not something that is going to be just that if a person wishes to be a citizen of any place they have to contribute in order to receive the fruits and benefits of that Collective of people and Medina and the Islam the state of the Muslims the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam and his companions no are no different and for this reason people many people entered into Islam outwardly inwardly They didn't accept it tells us that the prophet s. wasam would give people who were new to Islam so much wealth that sometimes he would give a man an entire Valley full of livestock just for becoming Muslim to the point where a man would go back to his people and say and and tell them to become Muslim because because Muhammad is giving out so generously it's he has no concept of poverty he has no fear of poverty whatsoever very freehanded and tells us that a man would come into Islam everyone knows clearly he is only here for to reap the fruits with the Muslims however he would spend only a small fraction of time and his heart would then pull be pulled in to Islam the world would be meaningless to him after that because of the beauty that they would find and discover of themselves and others in Islam so those who wish to remain must remain upon their religion and remain within the Muslim State they would have to pay a tax which is absolutely the only logical thing there's not something that's going to be an obligation upon the Muslims that's not an obligation upon non-muslims as well we will stop there today.

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Allah.