Are our good deeds truly recorded by Allah?
Tafseer Surat Al-Anbiya: Divine Recording of Deeds, Destiny and Free Will
Summary
Sheikh Ali Mashhour provides a detailed Tafseer (exegesis) of Surah Al-Anbiya, focusing on verses about righteous deeds and divine recording of actions. He explains that sincere efforts in worship are guaranteed by Allah, contrasting worldly efforts which may or may not succeed. The Sheikh discusses how Allah records all deeds through commissioned angels, referencing the preserved tablet (Lawh al-Mahfuz) written 50,000 years before creation. A significant portion addresses the Islamic middle-ground position on destiny (Qadr) and free will, refuting both extreme determinism and absolute free will philosophies, while critiquing Darwinian evolution as lacking scientific rigor and its logical implications for human dignity.
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Allah He says, whoever does righteous deeds while he is a believer. Whoever does righteous deeds as a believer. This also means whoever does righteous deeds and later becomes a believer. As a person, when a person accepts Islam, Whatever righteous deeds they did prior to Islam is counted for them. Whatever good deeds they did is counted for them. And whatever sins they may have committed prior to Islam. They are exonerated from. As long as they don't continue them. He says subhanahu wa ta'ala that which translates to so whoever does righteous deeds while he is a believer No denial will there be for his effort. Meaning, a person's effort will not be denied. A person's effort will not be, overlooked, will not be ignored, will not be lost. and this is an indication that one of the only things in this world that is that is truly guaranteed with regards to effort is concerned It is our relationship with Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala. that if an individual puts in an effort at academics or puts in an effort in work or puts in an effort and they may become wealthy, they may become prominent, and they may not. a person may spend his life trying to discover and not. However, if a person goes about worshiping Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala in the proper way, in the way that the prophet has instructed with sincerity, they will reach. They will reach. They must. This is a guarantee from Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. He says, and in this as well is the understanding that a person's efforts will not be denied, meaning on the day of resurrection. When an individual meets Allah, None of their good deeds will be overlooked or missing in their judgment. And none of their bad deeds or none of the bad deeds that they left off will be missing or overlooked. Everything will be taken into account. He said, Subhanahu wa ta'ala and indeed we of each individual's efforts are recorders. Meaning that the angels record by the command of Allah. and being that it is by the command of Allah and and the angels are commissioned by Allah It is correct to say that Allah is the one who who records our our deeds. Just if we were to say Nope. A city of of Bridgeview is is building sidewalks. Does that mean that every person in the city is out there building sidewalks, old ladies, little children? No. it might not even be a fraction of the of the population but the government governing body, as commissioned this, and so it's correct to ascribe the action to the original cause. Likewise, if we were to say, a king built a palace. Did the king himself go down and roll his sleeves up and build this palace? Of course not. Not usually. However, he is the one who commissioned this and funded it and whatever. Therefore, being that it was by his order, it's correct to say that to ascribe the action to him. When Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala says and we record what people do, we're told elsewhere in the Quran, that's the angels. Do the recording. However, these angels have been commissioned by Allah to do so. Therefore, it is correct to ascribe the action to Allah in this in this manner. He says and another meaning of this verse before we continue is that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala recorded the actions in the preserved tablet Before the creation. That is that the prophet was asked, what is the first thing that was created? And he said, the first thing of this universe that was created as things are, as we see them. is was the tablet, the preserved tablet, and the pen All created the pen and he said to it, write and said, what shall I write? He said, write all that is to be until the day of resurrection. And that was 50, 000 years before the first creation. So, Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala wrote everything that was to transpire. However, this doesn't mean that these these evidences, this verse, others it, this narration, others it. This is not an evidence against free will. There is a medium course There is a group or there is an ideology excessive free will right? Where people historically believe that there is no such thing as destiny at all and this is making a reemergence in popular thought today. that there's no such thing as destiny at all. and they've gone so far as to say that universe exists many, many, many other universes exist as well. They refer to this idea as the multiverse, right? Say, innumerable or infinite, whatever that means, amount of universes exist and anything that can happen will happen and there's no such thing as destiny. It's all random. Random chemicals. That is the more materialistic view and philosophy This is very very ancient thought and they would say that there is a creator. However, the creator does not create evil. Rather, people create evil. as well is from another branch of of this ideology. It comes from the same from the same thought process The absence of destiny. is not the belief of the Muslims. Here is the other side of the spectrum. The other end, it is the polar opposite. It says, There's no such thing as freewill at all. Destiny is overarching and we have no free will, right? This is also making a reemergence ironically in modern times. Because part of belief and modern biology, and part of belief in and I say belief, because not everything that we're told in these books and so forth is necessarily something that can be present with any kind of scientific model and evolution specifically that there is no such thing as free will. Everything can be reduced down to chemicals. Right? Everything can be reduced down to chemicals. If this chemical interacts with this chemical, this will happen. That's it. We have no free will. This is well, is rejected and not the belief of the Muslims. Muslims, we have a middle ground. There is destiny and there is free will. I'm not every Muslim will understand this dynamic and honestly speaking, few do. However, this is what the Quran teaches us. This is what the prophet teaches us and if we don't, each understand how it fits together, then, this is more reflective of our human limits, limitations. We can't understand everything, right? a lot of Muslim scholarship has been devoted to this subject. There is no creator along with Allah. and Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala has written all that is to be Between these two beliefs, comes the belief of the Muslim that we have a free will, However, that free will is limited to our, to our options. You don't have infinite number of options. We have a finite number of options and we make our choices based on the options that we are presented. Whether that be the options that we're aware of or the options that we are unaware of. And so, if we were to say, that the human being is overpowered by destiny, unable to make his own choices, Everything is just Noron's firing in the brain and they're firing in the way that chemicals in our body dictate then there is no, there is no difference between human beings and animals. There is no difference. Because animals are AR, driven by instinct, and they are driven by biology. Yes. we could somehow look at all of the chemical balances in the in an animal and environmental issues and if we were to be able to look at all that knowledge in real time which we aren't able to not even close but if we were, we could, reasonably, We could reasonably predict what an animal will do. An animal is largely reactive. largely reactive However, the human being has free will. And this is why hellfire and paradise exist in thee destiny of human beings. And does not exist and do not exist with regards to animals. Animals are not punished for the way that they are. and this is the logical conclusion of theories such as Darwinian evolution. This is the logical conclusion. If there's no difference between man and animal because all of us come from animals, and if we have no free will, then there's no difference between man and animals. I don't say this. I say that's the the next logical step. However, I don't hold this belief and I don't force this. on those who believe in this evolution, they themselves say it. Many of us are aware of the founding father of Darwinian evolution. and Darwin wrote his first book which has a very lengthy title actually but it's most commonly known as the origin of species, right? And he posits in this book a lot of outlandish things that he couldn't he couldn't he couldn't even remotely prove and this is why there are many prints of this book with a lot of addendums done to it. Some will say, well, that's the scientific model. No, that's not the scientific model. Because what was positive in that book and books it are not based on scientific, unscientific You know, experimentation. It's just no way to prove it. Not even in a super computer today Every computer program that is used to try to simulate Darwinian evolution fails without extreme amounts of tinkering and adding laws that do not exist. and this isn't obviously a talk about that. However, we just want to look at the at the origins of this belief. And why these two beliefs are making a remergence in our time. Though in the origin of species, the first publication of it. Darwin said that he could imagine a bear going down to the river every day. and his offspring going down to the river every day and on and on for millions of years or whatever it is he says and he could imagine that this bear would eventually turn into a whale over time. Now, this was removed from subsequent prints of this book and rightly so. Because that is absurd. To the scientific mind and to the layperson. How many differences need to take place for a bear to become a whale? Imagine, if you were to say, I want to turn my car into a submarine. How many changes would you have to make to your vehicle to make it worthy of being a submarine? And even if you did, somehow make those changes which by the end of it, it would not be your car anymore. And between point A where it's a vehicle where roadworthy and point B where it is C worthy, you have dozens of years where it is useless. It can either drive on the road nor can it be in the water but let's just ignore that for a moment. How many how many changes would you have to make to a vehicle to turn it into a submarine? I know that sounds absurd and it is. However, this is a very good example and a much simpler example. Because the difference between a whale and a submarine are the billions, right? whale obviously is far more sophisticated than any submarine In an astronomical way, however, even if you were able to change your car, your Honda, or your Mercedes, or whatever it is into a submarine. How good of a submarine would it actually make? Would that submarine survive very long amongst the rest of the submarines in the ocean and it go to war with the other submarines and So, this was his first book, right? And it put forth a belief system and most of the scientific community really hooted at this book. Nobody took it seriously. This was only taken seriously in the last 60 or 70 years when it began to be pushed by a group of people with a very particular agenda. Now, the next book that he wrote was the descent of man. That's the second step. That's the next logical step. If we all came from animals, then there's no difference between a human being and an animal, a human being is only more evolved than an animal. Therefore, human beings are no longer ascended beings. They're no longer. They're no longer beings of higher stature than the animal kingdom. We are just animals. Therefore, he wrote the book, the descent of man. cause religion the books of Allah have always propagated that mankind is superior to the animal kingdom and if we take that element away and the creation of Adam and so forth, we are left with the human being, descending back into the animal kingdom. We will continue tomorrow inshallah. Muhammad Ali, he.