What's the difference between prophets and messengers?
Tafseer Surat Al-Anbiya Episode 5: Understanding Prophets and Messengers
Summary
Sheikh Ali Mashhour delivers the fifth episode of Tafseer Surat Al-Anbiya, focusing on verses about the prophets and messengers. The lecture explains that prophets were human beings with ordinary needs—they ate, drank, slept, and were susceptible to illness and death—refuting false narratives about certain figures like Al-Khidr living eternally. The sheikh clarifies the Islamic distinction between prophets and messengers, explaining that while all messengers are prophets, not all prophets are messengers. Messengers are given a specific mission to deliver revelation to people fundamentally opposed to the message, while prophets may be sent to communities already following their religion. The lecture references hadith literature and historical Islamic scholarship to support these theological distinctions.
Note: This transcript was generated using YouTube's automatic captioning, with AI-assisted cleanup for readability. It may contain inaccuracies due to background noise, audio quality, or limitations of the transcription software — particularly during Arabic recitation. Listener discretion is advised; please refer to the original video for precise wording.
Who we would send Revelation two and if you do not know, then ask the people of knowledge. The people of knowledge here, meaning the people of the books. the Christians, the Jews who were known for their scholarship in the time of the prophet and not only known for their scholarship but of Mecca the idolaters of Mecca would often consult the Jews of Madinah and elsewhere with regards to religious issues. So, for instance, the people of Mecca prior to the prophet used to fast the day of Ashura. This was something that they did in Mecca. Why did they do that? Well, there's a couple of reasons. Some of the scholars mentioned that this was part of the religion of Ibrahim Alaihi Salam that was remnant amongst them. Others mentioned that the people of Mecca felt that they had committed a major collective sin. And they wished to do something to appease Allah to who kind of rectify the sin that they had committed and so they had asked some of the Jews of Medina with regards to a worship that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala loves and they inform them of the day of Ashura. Though this seems to be the weaker opinion, it is an opinion and a valid opinion of some historians of Islam. Point being here is that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala referenced the prophet and all of the prophets that came before him in the previous books and his previous revelations. Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala said and these men that we have sent Revelation two, they were not unique in their in their anatomic in the anatomic sense. They were human beings. They ate food. They drank water. They walked amongst people. They had necessities as people do. They suffered from tiredness and sleep and the things that people, human beings have as part of their nature. As well, they are susceptible to illness as people are, susceptible, etcetera. Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala said and we have not made them just empty vessels, empty bodies that do not need to. Do not need to eat food or be nourished nor did we give them everlasting life. Meaning, they all were taken by death as human beings are. There's no in that sense. There may be a difference in the manner of death and the experience of death, obviously. However, death in the general sense is something that is common, is a commonality between all human beings. Good and bad people, prophets, and and martyrs and wicked people. All of them have the commonality of death. The commonality of the need for nourishment, for food, for drink, the commonality of susceptibility to illness, and tiredness, and exhaustion, and sleep, etcetera. There are some stories floating around. In which it's mentioned that roaming the earth. After all of these years and that he comes and goes and meets people and people, you know, kind of narrates all of these strange narrations that this man came and he told us one, two, three, and he helped us with our horse or he helped us with our boat and then he went on his way or he helped us in this battle or these stories are all suspect. These stories are all. incorrect, and any narration having to do with thee continuing life of Al Qadar, which are ascribed to the prophet are all fabrications. The prophet never said this. Authentically anywhere. and if Al Qadr was still alive, he would be expected to come to the prophet. he would be expected to make Hajj. He would be expected to pledge allegiance to the prophet during his time. He would be expected to come and follow the prophet Muhammad's religion and be with him and with his companions, rather than roaming all over the world, not really teaching anybody anything about Allah and just kind of running round doing running small errands for people. This is kind of silly. When we say it that but that is what it boils down to. For NJ Narem, Al.
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Promises to them Our promises, meaning Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala promised them many things. And the chief of those that they would be spared and saved from the wrath of their people. There's a difference between prophets and messengers. and The word messenger in the diction of the Quran is far more specific than the word prophet. Because every prophet, because every messenger is a prophet. But not every prophet is a messenger. A messenger is an additional an additional virtue, an additional trait that not all prophets have. There is a narration in Imam Ahmed. in which it was mentioned that the prophet was asked how many prophets were there? And he said, 1 24000. How many messengers? Three hundred and fifteen. This narration, though it has been criticized by some scholars of hadith. The spirit of its meaning is correct. And that is, that, messengers are far less numerous than prophets. So, what is the difference between a prophet and a messenger? a prophet and a messenger both have revelation come to them. from Allah However, a messenger is given a message given revelation by Allah and commanded to deliver that revelation to a people who are fundamentally opposed to it. Meaning, a prophet, a messenger is not sent to a people who are already, who are already Muslim, or already upon the religion of their previous messenger. Prophets are sent for that task. Messengers are sent to a people who are fundamentally opposed to that message Messengers are sent to idolaters, messengers are sent to people who are disbelievers, no no longer upon the religion of their, of their respective messenger of prophet. However, prophets maybe may have been sent to just as prophets, not as messengers. Two, people who were in accordance with the generality of their of their messengers, religion. Though they may have strayed or the religion needs, needs to be revived. Some scholars mentioned that the a prophet is upon thee legis of the messenger that precedes him. This is one opinion If we look at Musa Alaihi Salam, he was a messenger. If we look at Dawood Alaihi Salam, Zakaria, yeah yeah These were prophets The prophet Muhammad said Muslim.
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A messenger prophets would pass away. Another prophet would be appointed. We see here in the dua of Zacharia. This is very clear. In Zakaria is making and praying to Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala for a son that would take his place after he passes away. At his old age and he was given Yahia Alaihi Salam. These are prophets. Prophets are subject to harm from their people and sometimes even they are killed by their people. Messengers, however, are not killed. Messenger are protected by Allah and they see their message through. Their people will either become Muslim or they will be delivered by Allah and their antagonist will be destroyed. As is in the case with the majority of messengers, though we do have instances such as, The prophet Muhammad These are messengers whom their people became Muslim. for the most part but we have other messengers Ibrahim, Lut, Noah, Hud, and Shahib. None of these people became Muslim. They were Muslim, they were believers, some very few of their people became Muslim, but the majority of their people remained in disbelief. As Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala says.
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And.