Why can't anyone question Allah?
Divine Authority and the Refutation of False Gods: Tafseer Surat Al-Anbiya Episode 9
Summary
In Episode 9 of Tafseer Surat Al-Anbiya, Sheikh Ali Mashhour discusses verses from Chapter 21 of the Quran, focusing on the concept of divine authority and monotheism. The lecture explains that Allah cannot be questioned or required to justify His actions, as He alone possesses absolute authority. The sheikh addresses the rhetorical question of why people worship false gods besides Allah, presenting both logical and revelatory evidence for monotheism. He discusses how the logical impossibility of multiple omnipotent creators proves the necessity of one God, and references scriptural evidence from previous revelations. The lecture then turns to the refutation of pagan Arab beliefs, specifically addressing the Quraish claim that angels are the daughters of Allah, which the Quran explicitly denies.
Note: This transcript was generated using YouTube's automatic captioning, with AI-assisted cleanup for readability. It may contain inaccuracies due to background noise, audio quality, or limitations of the transcription software — particularly during Arabic recitation. Listener discretion is advised; please refer to the original video for precise wording.
They, he is not asked. Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is not asked. And is not in a position to be questioned by anyone. With regards to what he does. He does what he chooses. Subhanahu wa ta'ala. Whatever he wills he does. And noone is in an authoritative position or in any position to ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala to explain himself. Rather, it is they who are asked It is Allah and Allah alone who has the authority to ask. his creation, and to ask others about their actions, to explain themselves, to justify themselves. But Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is not in a position to be asked or questioned and required to justify his actions subhanahu wa ta'ala. Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala then mentions He says, yet rather have they taken other gods besides Allah which they worship This comes in the form of a question but it is actually a rhetorical question. As if he is saying, how could they do this? What could lead a person to worship other than Allah alone? They worship these stones. They worship other people. They worship what they claim as the angels. They worship what could cause them to do this. Is logic the reason behind that? Or is revelation? The reason behind that. Because evidences are two types. We have logic. We have revelation. These are the two types of evidences. Logic is what is preceded Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala said in the verse prior He says, if there were any other gods aside from Allah Then, the heavens and the earth would be spiraled into chaos and ceased to be. This is logic. Logic dictates that it is impossible for there to be more than one god, more than one creator. This is an impossibility. Why? Because if we have two intelligent agents who are omnipotent, able to do all things. then it's impossible for these two, let alone more than two, but it is impossible for these two intelligent, omnipotent agents, to agree on everything. They're going to disagree eventually and this one is creating and this one is creating and they create in disagreement. The creation would not be in harmony. The heavens and the earth would be thrown out of whack. And if they disagree, one has to be superior to the other. It can't be a standoff. It can't be a stalemate. and if they were to disagree and one were to overpower the other, then, the other is not a god and cannot be a god, an omnipotent creator, who has been overpowered by another. This is a logical fallacy, impossible. And so, logic dictates that this is an impossibility How about revelation? Does revelation tell us otherwise? Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala says, say to them, bring forth your evidence. Bring forth your evidence for this. You have no logical evidence and you have no? You have no reasonable, logical, deductive evidence, and you have no? Evi by way of revelation. He says, this is the this is the revelation of my people, my followers, and those who have preceded me. So, if we examine thee, the the gospels of Isa Alaihi Salam, the Torah of Musa, the Psalms of David, all of them have a clear message which is all the same and that is Allah is one alone without any partners. Only he is to be worshiped. Even to day. Even the gospels that is claimed to be the New Testament or what is claimed to be the Torah of of Musa, the Old Testament or what is claimed to be the Psalms of David. The Psalms, this is kind of roughly collected into the Bible. There's a lot of fabrications in this book. It's not a pure book. It's chains of narration are broken, Chains of transmission are wildly inaccurate and not only that but the book itself contradicts itself in many places. but even with all of these additions that have been added to these books. Even with all of these fabrications, we can still see a pattern and that is the oneness of Allah and the worship of Allah without any partners. If you were to ask an educated Christian, an educated Jew, how many gods are there? They will say, one, one god, one creator. why then do you worship other than Allah? Why do you then worship Asa? Why are you worshipping Jesus? Why is no. Well, you know, three is one and one is three and we can't we have this trinity that is introduced to us by a very obscure verse. In John, and this very obscure verse can be interpreted in many different ways and you find all of this kind of you find all of this kind of mental acrobatics, right? To try to arrive at the conclusions that they have arrived at. But if we look at the clear statements, we see a very clear pattern and that is the oneness of Allah and the worship of Allah without any partners. Allah.
[Silence]
None is rightfully worshiped but I, so, worship me and they claim that al Rahman has taken children for himself. We mentioned that this is a Mekki chapter. This is a chapter that was revealed in Mecca. and the pattern of the Mechan chapters is that the Meccan chapters rarely deal with thee reputation of the Jews or Christians because Judaism is something that was kind of referred to and referenced in the Medeny chapters because when they made when they migrated to Madinah, there were Jews there but in Mecca, there were no Jews, there were no Christians, they were just very scarce. And so, the the the beliefs of the Jews and the Christians were not really referenced or refuted with any detail in the Meccan chapters. This is in the later chapters. However, there is something that we can almost kind of call retrofitting. What does that mean? A verse that is general is revealed. Regarding certain circumstances that were there at that time. But as we go forth in time, ten, 15 years later, perhaps something new arises that also fits into the generality of that verse. So, the scholars of Islam will use that verse as an as an evidence with regards to that thing as well because it fits into the generality of the verse. This is fine. But if we were to research to whom this verse is actually referring to directly we will see that this is referring to the beliefs of the polytheist of Mecca and surrounding areas. Most specifically is a Shokani mentioned in Hosea, Hosea is a tribe of the Arab Pagans that claimed in their belief system that the angels were the daughters of Allah. And so, they made this claim but Allah refuted saying that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is free of this claim. in the Arabic language when you say subhanallah. What this means is Allah is free of any imperfection. is a proclamation of the lack of imperfection that may be ascribed to Allah. That this is this is an imperfection which Allah is above and beyond. So, he refutes this by saying rather these angels of Allah, they are servants and he mentions it here in the masculine. He says he didn't say he says which means that Allah is refuting not only that they are female but he is also refuting that they are. ascribed to him as a child would be ascribed to his father. So, in this statement, we have a reputation of the claim that any of the angels are feminine, female, and a reputation of the claim that any of the angels are anythi ng more to Allah than servants of his. They are not his children. They are not his relatives. They are not they are servants of his. They are all below Allah. Subhanahu wa ta'ala. with regards to the gender of the angels, we have clear evidence in the Quran clear verses that refute the notion that any of the angels are female This is clearly and explicitly refuted in the Quran. So, we are positive that there are no female angels. Are they male? We don't have any evidence saying that they are necessarily male. They could not be male or female. But they certainly aren't. female though ascribing a gender to thee, angels is not something that we have an evidence for. We just have an evidence of a lack of gender and that is that they are certainly not female. He says subhanahu wa ta'ala they are honored servants with him. That is the height of their potential and their stature with Allah. They're nothing more than that. They are not more than servants of Allah. That is it. We cannot raise people, creatures, above their level of stature, which Allah has given them. And their level, their stature with Allah is that they are servants of Allah who are honored by Allah. That's the extent of it we don't add to that. This is extremism and extremism in beliefs leads to leads to damnation.
[Arabic recitation]